【C语言】给微软MSVC使用的inttypes.h和stdatomic.h
MSVC一直以来对C语言标准支持不全，但有时候又具备一些奇怪的（对于当年而言的）超前特性（比如匿名联合体和结构体等）使其依然具有一定的实用性。即便如此，你要想让代码写得舒服，你还是得按照标准来写。那么对于最基础的整数类型，我们是使用MSVC里面能用的stdint.h好呢，还是用C99标准新添加的inttypes.h好呢？虽说后者增加的东西或许并不都是你需要的，比如对printf格式代码的跨平台支持，以及完整除法运算所需的imaxdiv_t类型和imaxdiv函数等。
此外，当你尝到了GCC的全程序优化的甜头后，你再跑回去看MSVC，你会怎么想呢？
[*]C标准支持不全。局部变量甚至必须被定义在语句的前面。
[*]没有足够强大的全程序优化，虽说有/LTCG，但它看起来就和没有一样。
[*]对SIMD指令集的优化贼弱，强行给你擅自加入一堆movaps等，来解决由于它自身优化很差而带来的寄存器不够的问题。
以及
[*]完善的代码高亮和自动提示、自动补全功能。
（虽说对于C语言调用COM类的状况下而言，它的自动提示功能并不知道你写的是C还是C++，会在你试图通过虚表调用COM类的时候告诉你“没有lpVtbl成员”）
[*]令人上瘾的F12转到定义功能。这个功能不仅仅对于编程开发，对于编程的学习而言更具有关键性的使用价值。
[*]虽说不完整，但基本够用的一整套支持多线程和多机器的调试器工具。
[*]漂亮的界面
[*]一帮惹不起的信徒（咳咳）
由于Cygwin过于Tony带水，拖家带口，有悖于我们希望编译器足够好用的初衷，我选择MinGW。
然而我发现我在使用MinGW的时候我的代码里既可以使用Windows.h（需要设置-mwindows编译器命令行参数）又可以使用inttypes.h和stdatomic.h。我甚至还可以使用pthread.h，虽说其实根本不好用——它依赖unistd.h，但这样一来，我搞不好就要把Unix全家桶搬到Windows里面了，这十分南辕北辙。不如直接用Windows的API。
对于如此纠结的情况，我是使用stdint.h好呢，还是使用inttypes.h好呢，我该不该使用stdatomic.h呢？
我决定采用打补丁的方式，对于缺乏这些头文件的情况下，使用替补的去代替。我在我的工程目录里添加两个目录，一个是“备用头文件”，用于存放这些备用的头文件。另一个则是“额外包含头文件”，这个是给编译器查找头文件目录指定的，让编译器从这里面查找额外的头文件。任何人如果想要编译我这个工程，他应该先用自己的工具编译一下。如果编译不通过，他会在我的文档里看到说明，然后把缺失的头文件从“备用头文件”目录里拷贝到“额外包含头文件”目录里，然后再次编译即可。
那么问题来了。这两个头文件我是应该自己写呢，还是从现有的找呢？
人生宝贵，造重复轮子（还不一定比别人的圆）不可取。我决定使用别人写好的头文件。
其中，谷歌的开源库里有inttypes.h是给MSVC用的。
https://code.google.com/archive/p/msinttypes/downloads
此处我直接搬运一下：
我搬运的是我在写这篇帖子的时候看到的最新的版本。它是有可能更新的，所以请从原网址查看为妙。
它里面其实同时包含了stdint.h和inttypes.h。
目测是为了防止不同MSVC的stdint.h版本不同而带来的问题。
然后，我从FFMpeg的开源库里找到了给MSVC用的stdatomic.h
https://www.ffmpeg.org/doxygen/trunk/win32_2stdatomic_8h_source.html
https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/master/compat/atomics/win32/stdatomic.h
ffmpeg的更新是十分频繁的。建议自己上它的网站去看。
此处依然搬运一下：
也不长，我就直接复制到帖子里了。可以看出，stdatomic原有的内存顺序部分的特性被丢了个精光，全都变成了最严格的原子操作方式：memory_order_seq_cst。
我们其实并不应该给stdatomic的行为擅自加料，考虑到Windows运行在各种不同的平台上，还是以严格为好。典型例子，牙膏厂Atom系列CPU和NUMA架构多处理器Xeon对于原子操作的严格性要求就不一样，而且它们的实际行为也大不一样——Atom更多是对自己内部的缓存进行原子操作，而Xeon则更多是强制读写内存，如果你在NUMA架构上让Xeon不强制读写内存的话，两个处理器之间的内存同步性就会丢失。
stdatomic.h/*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef COMPAT_ATOMICS_WIN32_STDATOMIC_H
#define COMPAT_ATOMICS_WIN32_STDATOMIC_H
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <windows.h>
#define ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT 0
#define ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(value) (value)
#define atomic_init(obj, value) \
do { \
*(obj) = (value); \
} while(0)
#define kill_dependency(y) ((void)0)
#define atomic_thread_fence(order) \
MemoryBarrier();
#define atomic_signal_fence(order) \
((void)0)
#define atomic_is_lock_free(obj) 0
typedef intptr_t atomic_flag;
typedef intptr_t atomic_bool;
typedef intptr_t atomic_char;
typedef intptr_t atomic_schar;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uchar;
typedef intptr_t atomic_short;
typedef intptr_t atomic_ushort;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint;
typedef intptr_t atomic_long;
typedef intptr_t atomic_ulong;
typedef intptr_t atomic_llong;
typedef intptr_t atomic_ullong;
typedef intptr_t atomic_wchar_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least8_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least8_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least16_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least16_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least32_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least32_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least64_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least64_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast8_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast8_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast16_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast16_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast32_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast32_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast64_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast64_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_intptr_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uintptr_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_size_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_ptrdiff_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_intmax_t;
typedef intptr_t atomic_uintmax_t;
#define atomic_store(object, desired) \
do { \
*(object) = (desired); \
MemoryBarrier(); \
} while (0)
#define atomic_store_explicit(object, desired, order) \
atomic_store(object, desired)
#define atomic_load(object) \
(MemoryBarrier(), *(object))
#define atomic_load_explicit(object, order) \
atomic_load(object)
#define atomic_exchange(object, desired) \
InterlockedExchangePointer(object, desired);
#define atomic_exchange_explicit(object, desired, order) \
atomic_exchange(object, desired)
static inline int atomic_compare_exchange_strong(intptr_t *object, intptr_t *expected,
intptr_t desired)
{
intptr_t old = *expected;
*expected = (intptr_t)InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(
(PVOID *)object, (PVOID)desired, (PVOID)old);
return *expected == old;
}
#define atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(object, expected, desired, success, failure) \
atomic_compare_exchange_strong(object, expected, desired)
#define atomic_compare_exchange_weak(object, expected, desired) \
atomic_compare_exchange_strong(object, expected, desired)
#define atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(object, expected, desired, success, failure) \
atomic_compare_exchange_weak(object, expected, desired)
#ifdef _WIN64
#define atomic_fetch_add(object, operand) \
InterlockedExchangeAdd64(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_sub(object, operand) \
InterlockedExchangeAdd64(object, -(operand))
#define atomic_fetch_or(object, operand) \
InterlockedOr64(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_xor(object, operand) \
InterlockedXor64(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_and(object, operand) \
InterlockedAnd64(object, operand)
#else
#define atomic_fetch_add(object, operand) \
InterlockedExchangeAdd(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_sub(object, operand) \
InterlockedExchangeAdd(object, -(operand))
#define atomic_fetch_or(object, operand) \
InterlockedOr(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_xor(object, operand) \
InterlockedXor(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_and(object, operand) \
InterlockedAnd(object, operand)
#endif /* _WIN64 */
#define atomic_fetch_add_explicit(object, operand, order) \
atomic_fetch_add(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(object, operand, order) \
atomic_fetch_sub(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_or_explicit(object, operand, order) \
atomic_fetch_or(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(object, operand, order) \
atomic_fetch_xor(object, operand)
#define atomic_fetch_and_explicit(object, operand, order) \
atomic_fetch_and(object, operand)
#define atomic_flag_test_and_set(object) \
atomic_exchange(object, 1)
#define atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(object, order) \
atomic_flag_test_and_set(object)
#define atomic_flag_clear(object) \
atomic_store(object, 0)
#define atomic_flag_clear_explicit(object, order) \
atomic_flag_clear(object)
#endif /* COMPAT_ATOMICS_WIN32_STDATOMIC_H */顺带我也把之前提到的inttypes.h也直接丢帖子里，便于Ctrl+C Ctrl+V。
inttypes.h// ISO C9xcompliant inttypes.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124
//
//Copyright (c) 2006 Alexander Chemeris
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// 3. The name of the author may be used to endorse or promote products
// derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
#endif // _MSC_VER ]
#ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [
#define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_
#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif
#include "stdint.h"
// 7.8 Format conversion of integer types
typedef struct {
intmax_t quot;
intmax_t rem;
} imaxdiv_t;
// 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers
#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [ See footnote 185 at page 198
// The fprintf macros for signed integers are:
#define PRId8 "d"
#define PRIi8 "i"
#define PRIdLEAST8"d"
#define PRIiLEAST8"i"
#define PRIdFAST8 "d"
#define PRIiFAST8 "i"
#define PRId16 "hd"
#define PRIi16 "hi"
#define PRIdLEAST16"hd"
#define PRIiLEAST16"hi"
#define PRIdFAST16 "hd"
#define PRIiFAST16 "hi"
#define PRId32 "I32d"
#define PRIi32 "I32i"
#define PRIdLEAST32"I32d"
#define PRIiLEAST32"I32i"
#define PRIdFAST32 "I32d"
#define PRIiFAST32 "I32i"
#define PRId64 "I64d"
#define PRIi64 "I64i"
#define PRIdLEAST64"I64d"
#define PRIiLEAST64"I64i"
#define PRIdFAST64 "I64d"
#define PRIiFAST64 "I64i"
#define PRIdMAX "I64d"
#define PRIiMAX "I64i"
#define PRIdPTR "Id"
#define PRIiPTR "Ii"
// The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:
#define PRIo8 "o"
#define PRIu8 "u"
#define PRIx8 "x"
#define PRIX8 "X"
#define PRIoLEAST8"o"
#define PRIuLEAST8"u"
#define PRIxLEAST8"x"
#define PRIXLEAST8"X"
#define PRIoFAST8 "o"
#define PRIuFAST8 "u"
#define PRIxFAST8 "x"
#define PRIXFAST8 "X"
#define PRIo16 "ho"
#define PRIu16 "hu"
#define PRIx16 "hx"
#define PRIX16 "hX"
#define PRIoLEAST16"ho"
#define PRIuLEAST16"hu"
#define PRIxLEAST16"hx"
#define PRIXLEAST16"hX"
#define PRIoFAST16 "ho"
#define PRIuFAST16 "hu"
#define PRIxFAST16 "hx"
#define PRIXFAST16 "hX"
#define PRIo32 "I32o"
#define PRIu32 "I32u"
#define PRIx32 "I32x"
#define PRIX32 "I32X"
#define PRIoLEAST32"I32o"
#define PRIuLEAST32"I32u"
#define PRIxLEAST32"I32x"
#define PRIXLEAST32"I32X"
#define PRIoFAST32 "I32o"
#define PRIuFAST32 "I32u"
#define PRIxFAST32 "I32x"
#define PRIXFAST32 "I32X"
#define PRIo64 "I64o"
#define PRIu64 "I64u"
#define PRIx64 "I64x"
#define PRIX64 "I64X"
#define PRIoLEAST64"I64o"
#define PRIuLEAST64"I64u"
#define PRIxLEAST64"I64x"
#define PRIXLEAST64"I64X"
#define PRIoFAST64 "I64o"
#define PRIuFAST64 "I64u"
#define PRIxFAST64 "I64x"
#define PRIXFAST64 "I64X"
#define PRIoMAX "I64o"
#define PRIuMAX "I64u"
#define PRIxMAX "I64x"
#define PRIXMAX "I64X"
#define PRIoPTR "Io"
#define PRIuPTR "Iu"
#define PRIxPTR "Ix"
#define PRIXPTR "IX"
// The fscanf macros for signed integers are:
#define SCNd8 "d"
#define SCNi8 "i"
#define SCNdLEAST8"d"
#define SCNiLEAST8"i"
#define SCNdFAST8 "d"
#define SCNiFAST8 "i"
#define SCNd16 "hd"
#define SCNi16 "hi"
#define SCNdLEAST16"hd"
#define SCNiLEAST16"hi"
#define SCNdFAST16 "hd"
#define SCNiFAST16 "hi"
#define SCNd32 "ld"
#define SCNi32 "li"
#define SCNdLEAST32"ld"
#define SCNiLEAST32"li"
#define SCNdFAST32 "ld"
#define SCNiFAST32 "li"
#define SCNd64 "I64d"
#define SCNi64 "I64i"
#define SCNdLEAST64"I64d"
#define SCNiLEAST64"I64i"
#define SCNdFAST64 "I64d"
#define SCNiFAST64 "I64i"
#define SCNdMAX "I64d"
#define SCNiMAX "I64i"
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#define SCNdPTR "I64d"
#define SCNiPTR "I64i"
#else// _WIN64 ][
#define SCNdPTR "ld"
#define SCNiPTR "li"
#endif// _WIN64 ]
// The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:
#define SCNo8 "o"
#define SCNu8 "u"
#define SCNx8 "x"
#define SCNX8 "X"
#define SCNoLEAST8"o"
#define SCNuLEAST8"u"
#define SCNxLEAST8"x"
#define SCNXLEAST8"X"
#define SCNoFAST8 "o"
#define SCNuFAST8 "u"
#define SCNxFAST8 "x"
#define SCNXFAST8 "X"
#define SCNo16 "ho"
#define SCNu16 "hu"
#define SCNx16 "hx"
#define SCNX16 "hX"
#define SCNoLEAST16"ho"
#define SCNuLEAST16"hu"
#define SCNxLEAST16"hx"
#define SCNXLEAST16"hX"
#define SCNoFAST16 "ho"
#define SCNuFAST16 "hu"
#define SCNxFAST16 "hx"
#define SCNXFAST16 "hX"
#define SCNo32 "lo"
#define SCNu32 "lu"
#define SCNx32 "lx"
#define SCNX32 "lX"
#define SCNoLEAST32"lo"
#define SCNuLEAST32"lu"
#define SCNxLEAST32"lx"
#define SCNXLEAST32"lX"
#define SCNoFAST32 "lo"
#define SCNuFAST32 "lu"
#define SCNxFAST32 "lx"
#define SCNXFAST32 "lX"
#define SCNo64 "I64o"
#define SCNu64 "I64u"
#define SCNx64 "I64x"
#define SCNX64 "I64X"
#define SCNoLEAST64"I64o"
#define SCNuLEAST64"I64u"
#define SCNxLEAST64"I64x"
#define SCNXLEAST64"I64X"
#define SCNoFAST64 "I64o"
#define SCNuFAST64 "I64u"
#define SCNxFAST64 "I64x"
#define SCNXFAST64 "I64X"
#define SCNoMAX "I64o"
#define SCNuMAX "I64u"
#define SCNxMAX "I64x"
#define SCNXMAX "I64X"
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#define SCNoPTR "I64o"
#define SCNuPTR "I64u"
#define SCNxPTR "I64x"
#define SCNXPTR "I64X"
#else// _WIN64 ][
#define SCNoPTR "lo"
#define SCNuPTR "lu"
#define SCNxPTR "lx"
#define SCNXPTR "lX"
#endif// _WIN64 ]
#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]
// 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types
// 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function
#define imaxabs _abs64
// 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function
// This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found
// in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c
#ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [
static
#else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][
_inline
#endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]
imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom)
{
imaxdiv_t result;
result.quot = numer / denom;
result.rem = numer % denom;
if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {
// did division wrong; must fix up
++result.quot;
result.rem -= denom;
}
return result;
}
// 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions
#define strtoimax _strtoi64
#define strtoumax _strtoui64
// 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions
#define wcstoimax _wcstoi64
#define wcstoumax _wcstoui64
#endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]还有它所依赖的stdint.h
stdint.h// ISO C9xcompliant stdint.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124
//
//Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Alexander Chemeris
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// 3. The name of the author may be used to endorse or promote products
// derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
#endif // _MSC_VER ]
#ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [
#define _MSC_STDINT_H_
#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif
#include <limits.h>
// For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when
// compiling for ARM we should wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}'
// or compiler give many errors like this:
// error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#include <wchar.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
// Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t.
#ifndef _W64
#if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
# define _W64 __w64
#else
# define _W64
#endif
#endif
// 7.18.1 Integer types
// 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types
// Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't
// realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8
// so we give up on __intX for them.
#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)
typedef signed char int8_t;
typedef signed short int16_t;
typedef signed int int32_t;
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
#else
typedef signed __int8 int8_t;
typedef signed __int16 int16_t;
typedef signed __int32 int32_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16uint16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32uint32_t;
#endif
typedef signed __int64 int64_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
// 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer types
typedef int8_t int_least8_t;
typedef int16_t int_least16_t;
typedef int32_t int_least32_t;
typedef int64_t int_least64_t;
typedef uint8_t uint_least8_t;
typedef uint16_tuint_least16_t;
typedef uint32_tuint_least32_t;
typedef uint64_tuint_least64_t;
// 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer types
typedef int8_t int_fast8_t;
typedef int16_t int_fast16_t;
typedef int32_t int_fast32_t;
typedef int64_t int_fast64_t;
typedef uint8_t uint_fast8_t;
typedef uint16_tuint_fast16_t;
typedef uint32_tuint_fast32_t;
typedef uint64_tuint_fast64_t;
// 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
typedef signed __int64 intptr_t;
typedef unsigned __int64uintptr_t;
#else // _WIN64 ][
typedef _W64 signed int intptr_t;
typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t;
#endif // _WIN64 ]
// 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer types
typedef int64_t intmax_t;
typedef uint64_tuintmax_t;
// 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types
#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [ See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259
// 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types
#define INT8_MIN ((int8_t)_I8_MIN)
#define INT8_MAX _I8_MAX
#define INT16_MIN ((int16_t)_I16_MIN)
#define INT16_MAX _I16_MAX
#define INT32_MIN ((int32_t)_I32_MIN)
#define INT32_MAX _I32_MAX
#define INT64_MIN ((int64_t)_I64_MIN)
#define INT64_MAX _I64_MAX
#define UINT8_MAX _UI8_MAX
#define UINT16_MAX _UI16_MAX
#define UINT32_MAX _UI32_MAX
#define UINT64_MAX _UI64_MAX
// 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types
#define INT_LEAST8_MIN INT8_MIN
#define INT_LEAST8_MAX INT8_MAX
#define INT_LEAST16_MIN INT16_MIN
#define INT_LEAST16_MAX INT16_MAX
#define INT_LEAST32_MIN INT32_MIN
#define INT_LEAST32_MAX INT32_MAX
#define INT_LEAST64_MIN INT64_MIN
#define INT_LEAST64_MAX INT64_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST8_MAX UINT8_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST16_MAXUINT16_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST32_MAXUINT32_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST64_MAXUINT64_MAX
// 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
#define INT_FAST8_MIN INT8_MIN
#define INT_FAST8_MAX INT8_MAX
#define INT_FAST16_MIN INT16_MIN
#define INT_FAST16_MAX INT16_MAX
#define INT_FAST32_MIN INT32_MIN
#define INT_FAST32_MAX INT32_MAX
#define INT_FAST64_MIN INT64_MIN
#define INT_FAST64_MAX INT64_MAX
#define UINT_FAST8_MAX UINT8_MAX
#define UINT_FAST16_MAXUINT16_MAX
#define UINT_FAST32_MAXUINT32_MAX
#define UINT_FAST64_MAXUINT64_MAX
// 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#define INTPTR_MIN INT64_MIN
#define INTPTR_MAX INT64_MAX
#define UINTPTR_MAXUINT64_MAX
#else // _WIN64 ][
#define INTPTR_MIN INT32_MIN
#define INTPTR_MAX INT32_MAX
#define UINTPTR_MAXUINT32_MAX
#endif // _WIN64 ]
// 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types
#define INTMAX_MIN INT64_MIN
#define INTMAX_MAX INT64_MAX
#define UINTMAX_MAXUINT64_MAX
// 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#define PTRDIFF_MIN_I64_MIN
#define PTRDIFF_MAX_I64_MAX
#else// _WIN64 ][
#define PTRDIFF_MIN_I32_MIN
#define PTRDIFF_MAX_I32_MAX
#endif// _WIN64 ]
#define SIG_ATOMIC_MININT_MIN
#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAXINT_MAX
#ifndef SIZE_MAX // [
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
# define SIZE_MAX_UI64_MAX
#else // _WIN64 ][
# define SIZE_MAX_UI32_MAX
#endif // _WIN64 ]
#endif // SIZE_MAX ]
// WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h>
#ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [
#define WCHAR_MIN0
#endif// WCHAR_MIN ]
#ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [
#define WCHAR_MAX_UI16_MAX
#endif// WCHAR_MAX ]
#define WINT_MIN0
#define WINT_MAX_UI16_MAX
#endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ]
// 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types
#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [ See footnote 224 at page 260
// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
#define INT8_C(val)val##i8
#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
#define INT64_C(val) val##i64
#define UINT8_C(val)val##ui8
#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
#define INTMAX_C INT64_C
#define UINTMAX_CUINT64_C
#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
#endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ]以及它的更新日志：------------------------------------------------------------------------
r26 | 2009-10-02 13:36:47 +0400 | 2 lines
Change <stdint.h> to "stdint.h" to let compiler search for it in local directory.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r25 | 2009-09-17 23:46:49 +0400 | 2 lines
Fix incorrect int8_t behaviour if compiled with /J flag.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r24 | 2009-05-13 14:53:48 +0400 | 2 lines
Forgot about #ifdef __cplusplus guard around 'extern "C"', so inclusion to C files has been broken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r23 | 2009-05-12 01:27:45 +0400 | 3 lines
Always wrap <wchar钹?with external "C" {}.
It turns out that not only Visual Studio 6 requires this, but also newer versions when compiling for ARM.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r22 | 2009-05-11 22:22:15 +0400 | 3 lines
Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8 so we give up on __intX for them.
his should close Issue 3 in issue tracker.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r21 | 2008-07-17 09:47:22 +0400 | 4 lines
Get rid of these compiler warnings when compiling for 32-bit:
warning C4311: 'type cast' : pointer truncation from 'void *' to 'uintptr_t'
warning C4312: 'type cast' : conversion from 'uintptr_t' to 'const void *' of greater size
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r20 | 2007-10-09 16:54:27 +0400 | 2 lines
Better C99 conformance: macros for format specifiers should only be included in C++ implementations if __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS is defined before <inttypes.h> is included.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r19 | 2007-07-04 02:14:40 +0400 | 3 lines
Explicitly cast to appropriate type INT8_MIN, INT16_MIN, INT32_MIN and INT64_MIN constants.
Due to their unusual definition in Visual Studio headers (-_Ix_MAX-1) they are propagated to int and thus do not have expected type, causing VS6 strict compiler to claim about type inconsistency.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r18 | 2007-06-26 16:53:23 +0400 | 2 lines
Better handling of (U)INTx_C macros - now they generate constants of exact width.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r17 | 2007-03-29 20:16:14 +0400 | 2 lines
Fix typo: Miscrosoft -> Microsoft.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r16 | 2007-02-24 17:32:58 +0300 | 4 lines
Remove <BaseTsd.h> include, as it is not present in Visual Studio 2005 Epxress Edition and required only for INT_PTR and UINT_PTR types.
'intptr_t' and 'uintptr_t' types now defined explicitly with #ifdef _WIN64.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r15 | 2007-02-11 20:53:05 +0300 | 2 lines
More correct fix for compilation under VS6.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r14 | 2007-02-11 20:04:32 +0300 | 2 lines
Bugfix: fix compiling under VS6, when stdint.h enclosed in 'extern "C" {}'.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r13 | 2006-12-13 16:53:11 +0300 | 2 lines
Make _inline modifier for imaxdiv default option. Use STATIC_IMAXDIV to make it static.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r12 | 2006-12-13 16:42:24 +0300 | 2 lines
Error message changed: VC6 supported from now.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r11 | 2006-12-13 16:39:33 +0300 | 2 lines
All (U)INT* types changed to (unsigned) __int*. This should make stdint.h compatible with VC6.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r10 | 2006-12-13 16:20:57 +0300 | 3 lines
Added INLINE_IMAXDIV define switch.
If INLINE_IMAXDIV is defined imaxdiv() have static modifier. If not - it is _inline.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r9 | 2006-12-13 15:53:52 +0300 | 2 lines
Error message for non-MSC compiler changed.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r8 | 2006-12-13 12:47:48 +0300 | 2 lines
Added #ifndef for SIZE_MAX (it is defined in limits.h on MSVSC 8).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r7 | 2006-12-13 01:08:02 +0300 | 2 lines
License chaged to BSD-derivative.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r6 | 2006-12-13 00:53:20 +0300 | 2 lines
Added <wchar.h> include to avoid warnings when it is included after stdint.h.
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r5 | 2006-12-12 00:58:05 +0300 | 2 lines
BUGFIX: Definitions of INTPTR_MIN, INTPTR_MAX and UINTPTR_MAX for WIN32 and WIN64 was mixed up.
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r4 | 2006-12-12 00:51:55 +0300 | 2 lines
Rise #error if _MSC_VER is not defined. I.e. compiler other then Microsoft Visual C++ is used.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r3 | 2006-12-11 22:54:14 +0300 | 2 lines
Added <limits.h> include to stdint.h.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r2 | 2006-12-11 21:39:27 +0300 | 2 lines
Initial check in.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r1 | 2006-12-11 21:30:23 +0300 | 1 line
Initial directory structure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
顶站长:D，小弟我记得pells C对C11标准支持的比较好，至于msvc它不管C99或者C11，我认为他自己就有一套msvc的C语言标准。
顺便提一下，补头文件对我来说是个恐怖的事情，因为大多数头文件包含别的头文件，而别的头文件又包含别的头文件，这个我经常处理不好。:Q 本帖最后由 Ayala 于 2019-2-9 01:02 编辑
新版本的vs不自己包含么
stdatomic.h和atomic区别很大么
还有
cinttypes和inttypes.h Ayala 发表于 2019-2-9 00:53
新版本的vs不自己包含么
stdatomic.h和atomic区别很大么
还有
cinttypes是C++的，inttypes.h是C的。cinttypes是C++从C那里搬运过来的。
stdatomic.h是C的，atomic是C++的，但atomic不是C++从C的stdatomic.h搬运过来的。搬运的版本是cstdatomic。
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