【C语言】给微软MSVC使用的inttypes.h和stdatomic.h

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MSVC一直以来对C语言标准支持不全，但有时候又具备一些奇怪的（对于当年而言的）超前特性（比如匿名联合体和结构体等）使其依然具有一定的实用性。即便如此，你要想让代码写得舒服，你还是得按照标准来写。

那么对于最基础的整数类型，我们是使用MSVC里面能用的stdint.h好呢，还是用C99标准新添加的inttypes.h好呢？虽说后者增加的东西或许并不都是你需要的，比如对printf格式代码的跨平台支持，以及完整除法运算所需的imaxdiv_t类型和imaxdiv函数等。

此外，当你尝到了GCC的全程序优化的甜头后，你再跑回去看MSVC，你会怎么想呢？

• C标准支持不全。局部变量甚至必须被定义在语句的前面。
• 没有足够强大的全程序优化，虽说有/LTCG，但它看起来就和没有一样。
• 对SIMD指令集的优化贼弱，强行给你擅自加入一堆movaps等，来解决由于它自身优化很差而带来的寄存器不够的问题。
  

以及

• 完善的代码高亮和自动提示、自动补全功能。
  （虽说对于C语言调用COM类的状况下而言，它的自动提示功能并不知道你写的是C还是C++，会在你试图通过虚表调用COM类的时候告诉你“没有lpVtbl成员”）
• 令人上瘾的F12转到定义功能。这个功能不仅仅对于编程开发，对于编程的学习而言更具有关键性的使用价值。
• 虽说不完整，但基本够用的一整套支持多线程和多机器的调试器工具。
• 漂亮的界面
• 一帮惹不起的信徒（咳咳）
  

由于Cygwin过于Tony带水，拖家带口，有悖于我们希望编译器足够好用的初衷，我选择MinGW。
然而我发现我在使用MinGW的时候我的代码里既可以使用Windows.h（需要设置-mwindows编译器命令行参数）又可以使用inttypes.h和stdatomic.h。我甚至还可以使用pthread.h，虽说其实根本不好用——它依赖unistd.h，但这样一来，我搞不好就要把Unix全家桶搬到Windows里面了，这十分南辕北辙。不如直接用Windows的API。

对于如此纠结的情况，我是使用stdint.h好呢，还是使用inttypes.h好呢，我该不该使用stdatomic.h呢？

我决定采用打补丁的方式，对于缺乏这些头文件的情况下，使用替补的去代替。我在我的工程目录里添加两个目录，一个是“备用头文件”，用于存放这些备用的头文件。另一个则是“额外包含头文件”，这个是给编译器查找头文件目录指定的，让编译器从这里面查找额外的头文件。任何人如果想要编译我这个工程，他应该先用自己的工具编译一下。如果编译不通过，他会在我的文档里看到说明，然后把缺失的头文件从“备用头文件”目录里拷贝到“额外包含头文件”目录里，然后再次编译即可。

那么问题来了。这两个头文件我是应该自己写呢，还是从现有的找呢？

人生宝贵，造重复轮子（还不一定比别人的圆）不可取。我决定使用别人写好的头文件。

其中，谷歌的开源库里有inttypes.h是给MSVC用的。
https://code.google.com/archive/p/msinttypes/downloads
此处我直接搬运一下：

msinttypes-r26.zip (6.74 KB, 下载次数: 2)

2019-2-3 11:34 上传

点击文件名下载附件

我搬运的是我在写这篇帖子的时候看到的最新的版本。它是有可能更新的，所以请从原网址查看为妙。

它里面其实同时包含了stdint.h和inttypes.h。
目测是为了防止不同MSVC的stdint.h版本不同而带来的问题。

然后，我从FFMpeg的开源库里找到了给MSVC用的stdatomic.h
https://www.ffmpeg.org/doxygen/t ... omic_8h_source.html
https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg ... s/win32/stdatomic.h
ffmpeg的更新是十分频繁的。建议自己上它的网站去看。
此处依然搬运一下：
stdatomic.zip (1.43 KB, 下载次数: 7)

2019-2-3 11:42 上传

点击文件名下载附件

也不长，我就直接复制到帖子里了。可以看出，stdatomic原有的内存顺序部分的特性被丢了个精光，全都变成了最严格的原子操作方式：memory_order_seq_cst。
我们其实并不应该给stdatomic的行为擅自加料，考虑到Windows运行在各种不同的平台上，还是以严格为好。典型例子，牙膏厂Atom系列CPU和NUMA架构多处理器Xeon对于原子操作的严格性要求就不一样，而且它们的实际行为也大不一样——Atom更多是对自己内部的缓存进行原子操作，而Xeon则更多是强制读写内存，如果你在NUMA架构上让Xeon不强制读写内存的话，两个处理器之间的内存同步性就会丢失。
stdatomic.h

1. /*
   
2. * This file is part of FFmpeg.
   
3. *
   
4. * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   
5. * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   
6. * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   
7. * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   
8. *
   
9. * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   
10. * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    
11. * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    
12. * Lesser General Public License for more details.
    
13. *
    
14. * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
    
15. * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
    
16. * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
    
17. */
    
18. 
    
19. #ifndef COMPAT_ATOMICS_WIN32_STDATOMIC_H
    
20. #define COMPAT_ATOMICS_WIN32_STDATOMIC_H
    
21. 
    
22. #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
    
23. #include <stddef.h>
    
24. #include <stdint.h>
    
25. #include <windows.h>
    
26. 
    
27. #define ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT 0
    
28. 
    
29. #define ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(value) (value)
    
30. 
    
31. #define atomic_init(obj, value) \
    
32. do {                            \
    
33.     *(obj) = (value);           \
    
34. } while(0)
    
35. 
    
36. #define kill_dependency(y) ((void)0)
    
37. 
    
38. #define atomic_thread_fence(order) \
    
39.     MemoryBarrier();
    
40. 
    
41. #define atomic_signal_fence(order) \
    
42.     ((void)0)
    
43. 
    
44. #define atomic_is_lock_free(obj) 0
    
45. 
    
46. typedef intptr_t atomic_flag;
    
47. typedef intptr_t atomic_bool;
    
48. typedef intptr_t atomic_char;
    
49. typedef intptr_t atomic_schar;
    
50. typedef intptr_t atomic_uchar;
    
51. typedef intptr_t atomic_short;
    
52. typedef intptr_t atomic_ushort;
    
53. typedef intptr_t atomic_int;
    
54. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint;
    
55. typedef intptr_t atomic_long;
    
56. typedef intptr_t atomic_ulong;
    
57. typedef intptr_t atomic_llong;
    
58. typedef intptr_t atomic_ullong;
    
59. typedef intptr_t atomic_wchar_t;
    
60. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least8_t;
    
61. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least8_t;
    
62. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least16_t;
    
63. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least16_t;
    
64. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least32_t;
    
65. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least32_t;
    
66. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_least64_t;
    
67. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_least64_t;
    
68. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast8_t;
    
69. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast8_t;
    
70. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast16_t;
    
71. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast16_t;
    
72. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast32_t;
    
73. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast32_t;
    
74. typedef intptr_t atomic_int_fast64_t;
    
75. typedef intptr_t atomic_uint_fast64_t;
    
76. typedef intptr_t atomic_intptr_t;
    
77. typedef intptr_t atomic_uintptr_t;
    
78. typedef intptr_t atomic_size_t;
    
79. typedef intptr_t atomic_ptrdiff_t;
    
80. typedef intptr_t atomic_intmax_t;
    
81. typedef intptr_t atomic_uintmax_t;
    
82. 
    
83. #define atomic_store(object, desired)   \
    
84. do {                                    \
    
85.     *(object) = (desired);              \
    
86.     MemoryBarrier();                    \
    
87. } while (0)
    
88. 
    
89. #define atomic_store_explicit(object, desired, order) \
    
90.     atomic_store(object, desired)
    
91. 
    
92. #define atomic_load(object) \
    
93.     (MemoryBarrier(), *(object))
    
94. 
    
95. #define atomic_load_explicit(object, order) \
    
96.     atomic_load(object)
    
97. 
    
98. #define atomic_exchange(object, desired) \
    
99.     InterlockedExchangePointer(object, desired);
    
100. 
     
101. #define atomic_exchange_explicit(object, desired, order) \
     
102.     atomic_exchange(object, desired)
     
103. 
     
104. static inline int atomic_compare_exchange_strong(intptr_t *object, intptr_t *expected,
     
105.                                                  intptr_t desired)
     
106. {
     
107.     intptr_t old = *expected;
     
108.     *expected = (intptr_t)InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(
     
109.         (PVOID *)object, (PVOID)desired, (PVOID)old);
     
110.     return *expected == old;
     
111. }
     
112. 
     
113. #define atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(object, expected, desired, success, failure) \
     
114.     atomic_compare_exchange_strong(object, expected, desired)
     
115. 
     
116. #define atomic_compare_exchange_weak(object, expected, desired) \
     
117.     atomic_compare_exchange_strong(object, expected, desired)
     
118. 
     
119. #define atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(object, expected, desired, success, failure) \
     
120.     atomic_compare_exchange_weak(object, expected, desired)
     
121. 
     
122. #ifdef _WIN64
     
123. #define atomic_fetch_add(object, operand) \
     
124.     InterlockedExchangeAdd64(object, operand)
     
125. 
     
126. #define atomic_fetch_sub(object, operand) \
     
127.     InterlockedExchangeAdd64(object, -(operand))
     
128. 
     
129. #define atomic_fetch_or(object, operand) \
     
130.     InterlockedOr64(object, operand)
     
131. 
     
132. #define atomic_fetch_xor(object, operand) \
     
133.     InterlockedXor64(object, operand)
     
134. 
     
135. #define atomic_fetch_and(object, operand) \
     
136.     InterlockedAnd64(object, operand)
     
137. #else
     
138. #define atomic_fetch_add(object, operand) \
     
139.     InterlockedExchangeAdd(object, operand)
     
140. 
     
141. #define atomic_fetch_sub(object, operand) \
     
142.     InterlockedExchangeAdd(object, -(operand))
     
143. 
     
144. #define atomic_fetch_or(object, operand) \
     
145.     InterlockedOr(object, operand)
     
146. 
     
147. #define atomic_fetch_xor(object, operand) \
     
148.     InterlockedXor(object, operand)
     
149. 
     
150. #define atomic_fetch_and(object, operand) \
     
151.     InterlockedAnd(object, operand)
     
152. #endif /* _WIN64 */
     
153. 
     
154. #define atomic_fetch_add_explicit(object, operand, order) \
     
155.     atomic_fetch_add(object, operand)
     
156. 
     
157. #define atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(object, operand, order) \
     
158.     atomic_fetch_sub(object, operand)
     
159. 
     
160. #define atomic_fetch_or_explicit(object, operand, order) \
     
161.     atomic_fetch_or(object, operand)
     
162. 
     
163. #define atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(object, operand, order) \
     
164.     atomic_fetch_xor(object, operand)
     
165. 
     
166. #define atomic_fetch_and_explicit(object, operand, order) \
     
167.     atomic_fetch_and(object, operand)
     
168. 
     
169. #define atomic_flag_test_and_set(object) \
     
170.     atomic_exchange(object, 1)
     
171. 
     
172. #define atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(object, order) \
     
173.     atomic_flag_test_and_set(object)
     
174. 
     
175. #define atomic_flag_clear(object) \
     
176.     atomic_store(object, 0)
     
177. 
     
178. #define atomic_flag_clear_explicit(object, order) \
     
179.     atomic_flag_clear(object)
     
180. 
     
181. #endif /* COMPAT_ATOMICS_WIN32_STDATOMIC_H */

复制代码

顺带我也把之前提到的inttypes.h也直接丢帖子里，便于Ctrl+C Ctrl+V。
inttypes.h

1. // ISO C9x  compliant inttypes.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
   
2. // Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124
   
3. //
   
4. //  Copyright (c) 2006 Alexander Chemeris
   
5. //
   
6. // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   
7. // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
   
8. //
   
9. //   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
   
10. //      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    
11. //
    
12. //   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    
13. //      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    
14. //      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    
15. //
    
16. //   3. The name of the author may be used to endorse or promote products
    
17. //      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
    
18. //
    
19. // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
    
20. // WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    
21. // MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
    
22. // EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
    
23. // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
    
24. // PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
    
25. // OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
    
26. // WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
    
27. // OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
    
28. // ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    
29. //
    
30. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    
31. 
    
32. #ifndef _MSC_VER // [
    
33. #error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
    
34. #endif // _MSC_VER ]
    
35. 
    
36. #ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [
    
37. #define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_
    
38. 
    
39. #if _MSC_VER > 1000
    
40. #pragma once
    
41. #endif
    
42. 
    
43. #include "stdint.h"
    
44. 
    
45. // 7.8 Format conversion of integer types
    
46. 
    
47. typedef struct {
    
48.    intmax_t quot;
    
49.    intmax_t rem;
    
50. } imaxdiv_t;
    
51. 
    
52. // 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers
    
53. 
    
54. #if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 185 at page 198
    
55. 
    
56. // The fprintf macros for signed integers are:
    
57. #define PRId8       "d"
    
58. #define PRIi8       "i"
    
59. #define PRIdLEAST8  "d"
    
60. #define PRIiLEAST8  "i"
    
61. #define PRIdFAST8   "d"
    
62. #define PRIiFAST8   "i"
    
63. 
    
64. #define PRId16       "hd"
    
65. #define PRIi16       "hi"
    
66. #define PRIdLEAST16  "hd"
    
67. #define PRIiLEAST16  "hi"
    
68. #define PRIdFAST16   "hd"
    
69. #define PRIiFAST16   "hi"
    
70. 
    
71. #define PRId32       "I32d"
    
72. #define PRIi32       "I32i"
    
73. #define PRIdLEAST32  "I32d"
    
74. #define PRIiLEAST32  "I32i"
    
75. #define PRIdFAST32   "I32d"
    
76. #define PRIiFAST32   "I32i"
    
77. 
    
78. #define PRId64       "I64d"
    
79. #define PRIi64       "I64i"
    
80. #define PRIdLEAST64  "I64d"
    
81. #define PRIiLEAST64  "I64i"
    
82. #define PRIdFAST64   "I64d"
    
83. #define PRIiFAST64   "I64i"
    
84. 
    
85. #define PRIdMAX     "I64d"
    
86. #define PRIiMAX     "I64i"
    
87. 
    
88. #define PRIdPTR     "Id"
    
89. #define PRIiPTR     "Ii"
    
90. 
    
91. // The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:
    
92. #define PRIo8       "o"
    
93. #define PRIu8       "u"
    
94. #define PRIx8       "x"
    
95. #define PRIX8       "X"
    
96. #define PRIoLEAST8  "o"
    
97. #define PRIuLEAST8  "u"
    
98. #define PRIxLEAST8  "x"
    
99. #define PRIXLEAST8  "X"
    
100. #define PRIoFAST8   "o"
     
101. #define PRIuFAST8   "u"
     
102. #define PRIxFAST8   "x"
     
103. #define PRIXFAST8   "X"
     
104. 
     
105. #define PRIo16       "ho"
     
106. #define PRIu16       "hu"
     
107. #define PRIx16       "hx"
     
108. #define PRIX16       "hX"
     
109. #define PRIoLEAST16  "ho"
     
110. #define PRIuLEAST16  "hu"
     
111. #define PRIxLEAST16  "hx"
     
112. #define PRIXLEAST16  "hX"
     
113. #define PRIoFAST16   "ho"
     
114. #define PRIuFAST16   "hu"
     
115. #define PRIxFAST16   "hx"
     
116. #define PRIXFAST16   "hX"
     
117. 
     
118. #define PRIo32       "I32o"
     
119. #define PRIu32       "I32u"
     
120. #define PRIx32       "I32x"
     
121. #define PRIX32       "I32X"
     
122. #define PRIoLEAST32  "I32o"
     
123. #define PRIuLEAST32  "I32u"
     
124. #define PRIxLEAST32  "I32x"
     
125. #define PRIXLEAST32  "I32X"
     
126. #define PRIoFAST32   "I32o"
     
127. #define PRIuFAST32   "I32u"
     
128. #define PRIxFAST32   "I32x"
     
129. #define PRIXFAST32   "I32X"
     
130. 
     
131. #define PRIo64       "I64o"
     
132. #define PRIu64       "I64u"
     
133. #define PRIx64       "I64x"
     
134. #define PRIX64       "I64X"
     
135. #define PRIoLEAST64  "I64o"
     
136. #define PRIuLEAST64  "I64u"
     
137. #define PRIxLEAST64  "I64x"
     
138. #define PRIXLEAST64  "I64X"
     
139. #define PRIoFAST64   "I64o"
     
140. #define PRIuFAST64   "I64u"
     
141. #define PRIxFAST64   "I64x"
     
142. #define PRIXFAST64   "I64X"
     
143. 
     
144. #define PRIoMAX     "I64o"
     
145. #define PRIuMAX     "I64u"
     
146. #define PRIxMAX     "I64x"
     
147. #define PRIXMAX     "I64X"
     
148. 
     
149. #define PRIoPTR     "Io"
     
150. #define PRIuPTR     "Iu"
     
151. #define PRIxPTR     "Ix"
     
152. #define PRIXPTR     "IX"
     
153. 
     
154. // The fscanf macros for signed integers are:
     
155. #define SCNd8       "d"
     
156. #define SCNi8       "i"
     
157. #define SCNdLEAST8  "d"
     
158. #define SCNiLEAST8  "i"
     
159. #define SCNdFAST8   "d"
     
160. #define SCNiFAST8   "i"
     
161. 
     
162. #define SCNd16       "hd"
     
163. #define SCNi16       "hi"
     
164. #define SCNdLEAST16  "hd"
     
165. #define SCNiLEAST16  "hi"
     
166. #define SCNdFAST16   "hd"
     
167. #define SCNiFAST16   "hi"
     
168. 
     
169. #define SCNd32       "ld"
     
170. #define SCNi32       "li"
     
171. #define SCNdLEAST32  "ld"
     
172. #define SCNiLEAST32  "li"
     
173. #define SCNdFAST32   "ld"
     
174. #define SCNiFAST32   "li"
     
175. 
     
176. #define SCNd64       "I64d"
     
177. #define SCNi64       "I64i"
     
178. #define SCNdLEAST64  "I64d"
     
179. #define SCNiLEAST64  "I64i"
     
180. #define SCNdFAST64   "I64d"
     
181. #define SCNiFAST64   "I64i"
     
182. 
     
183. #define SCNdMAX     "I64d"
     
184. #define SCNiMAX     "I64i"
     
185. 
     
186. #ifdef _WIN64 // [
     
187. #  define SCNdPTR     "I64d"
     
188. #  define SCNiPTR     "I64i"
     
189. #else  // _WIN64 ][
     
190. #  define SCNdPTR     "ld"
     
191. #  define SCNiPTR     "li"
     
192. #endif  // _WIN64 ]
     
193. 
     
194. // The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:
     
195. #define SCNo8       "o"
     
196. #define SCNu8       "u"
     
197. #define SCNx8       "x"
     
198. #define SCNX8       "X"
     
199. #define SCNoLEAST8  "o"
     
200. #define SCNuLEAST8  "u"
     
201. #define SCNxLEAST8  "x"
     
202. #define SCNXLEAST8  "X"
     
203. #define SCNoFAST8   "o"
     
204. #define SCNuFAST8   "u"
     
205. #define SCNxFAST8   "x"
     
206. #define SCNXFAST8   "X"
     
207. 
     
208. #define SCNo16       "ho"
     
209. #define SCNu16       "hu"
     
210. #define SCNx16       "hx"
     
211. #define SCNX16       "hX"
     
212. #define SCNoLEAST16  "ho"
     
213. #define SCNuLEAST16  "hu"
     
214. #define SCNxLEAST16  "hx"
     
215. #define SCNXLEAST16  "hX"
     
216. #define SCNoFAST16   "ho"
     
217. #define SCNuFAST16   "hu"
     
218. #define SCNxFAST16   "hx"
     
219. #define SCNXFAST16   "hX"
     
220. 
     
221. #define SCNo32       "lo"
     
222. #define SCNu32       "lu"
     
223. #define SCNx32       "lx"
     
224. #define SCNX32       "lX"
     
225. #define SCNoLEAST32  "lo"
     
226. #define SCNuLEAST32  "lu"
     
227. #define SCNxLEAST32  "lx"
     
228. #define SCNXLEAST32  "lX"
     
229. #define SCNoFAST32   "lo"
     
230. #define SCNuFAST32   "lu"
     
231. #define SCNxFAST32   "lx"
     
232. #define SCNXFAST32   "lX"
     
233. 
     
234. #define SCNo64       "I64o"
     
235. #define SCNu64       "I64u"
     
236. #define SCNx64       "I64x"
     
237. #define SCNX64       "I64X"
     
238. #define SCNoLEAST64  "I64o"
     
239. #define SCNuLEAST64  "I64u"
     
240. #define SCNxLEAST64  "I64x"
     
241. #define SCNXLEAST64  "I64X"
     
242. #define SCNoFAST64   "I64o"
     
243. #define SCNuFAST64   "I64u"
     
244. #define SCNxFAST64   "I64x"
     
245. #define SCNXFAST64   "I64X"
     
246. 
     
247. #define SCNoMAX     "I64o"
     
248. #define SCNuMAX     "I64u"
     
249. #define SCNxMAX     "I64x"
     
250. #define SCNXMAX     "I64X"
     
251. 
     
252. #ifdef _WIN64 // [
     
253. #  define SCNoPTR     "I64o"
     
254. #  define SCNuPTR     "I64u"
     
255. #  define SCNxPTR     "I64x"
     
256. #  define SCNXPTR     "I64X"
     
257. #else  // _WIN64 ][
     
258. #  define SCNoPTR     "lo"
     
259. #  define SCNuPTR     "lu"
     
260. #  define SCNxPTR     "lx"
     
261. #  define SCNXPTR     "lX"
     
262. #endif  // _WIN64 ]
     
263. 
     
264. #endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]
     
265. 
     
266. // 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types
     
267. 
     
268. // 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function
     
269. #define imaxabs _abs64
     
270. 
     
271. // 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function
     
272. 
     
273. // This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found
     
274. // in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c
     
275. #ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [
     
276. static
     
277. #else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][
     
278. _inline
     
279. #endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]
     
280. imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom)
     
281. {
     
282.    imaxdiv_t result;
     
283. 
     
284.    result.quot = numer / denom;
     
285.    result.rem = numer % denom;
     
286. 
     
287.    if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {
     
288.       // did division wrong; must fix up
     
289.       ++result.quot;
     
290.       result.rem -= denom;
     
291.    }
     
292. 
     
293.    return result;
     
294. }
     
295. 
     
296. // 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions
     
297. #define strtoimax _strtoi64
     
298. #define strtoumax _strtoui64
     
299. 
     
300. // 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions
     
301. #define wcstoimax _wcstoi64
     
302. #define wcstoumax _wcstoui64
     
303. 
     
304. 
     
305. #endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]

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还有它所依赖的stdint.h
stdint.h

1. // ISO C9x  compliant stdint.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
   
2. // Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124
   
3. //
   
4. //  Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Alexander Chemeris
   
5. //
   
6. // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   
7. // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
   
8. //
   
9. //   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
   
10. //      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    
11. //
    
12. //   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    
13. //      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    
14. //      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    
15. //
    
16. //   3. The name of the author may be used to endorse or promote products
    
17. //      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
    
18. //
    
19. // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
    
20. // WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    
21. // MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
    
22. // EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
    
23. // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
    
24. // PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
    
25. // OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
    
26. // WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
    
27. // OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
    
28. // ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    
29. //
    
30. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    
31. 
    
32. #ifndef _MSC_VER // [
    
33. #error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
    
34. #endif // _MSC_VER ]
    
35. 
    
36. #ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [
    
37. #define _MSC_STDINT_H_
    
38. 
    
39. #if _MSC_VER > 1000
    
40. #pragma once
    
41. #endif
    
42. 
    
43. #include <limits.h>
    
44. 
    
45. // For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when
    
46. // compiling for ARM we should wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}'
    
47. // or compiler give many errors like this:
    
48. //   error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed
    
49. #ifdef __cplusplus
    
50. extern "C" {
    
51. #endif
    
52. #  include <wchar.h>
    
53. #ifdef __cplusplus
    
54. }
    
55. #endif
    
56. 
    
57. // Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t.
    
58. #ifndef _W64
    
59. #  if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
    
60. #     define _W64 __w64
    
61. #  else
    
62. #     define _W64
    
63. #  endif
    
64. #endif
    
65. 
    
66. 
    
67. // 7.18.1 Integer types
    
68. 
    
69. // 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types
    
70. 
    
71. // Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't
    
72. // realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8
    
73. // so we give up on __intX for them.
    
74. #if (_MSC_VER < 1300)
    
75.    typedef signed char       int8_t;
    
76.    typedef signed short      int16_t;
    
77.    typedef signed int        int32_t;
    
78.    typedef unsigned char     uint8_t;
    
79.    typedef unsigned short    uint16_t;
    
80.    typedef unsigned int      uint32_t;
    
81. #else
    
82.    typedef signed __int8     int8_t;
    
83.    typedef signed __int16    int16_t;
    
84.    typedef signed __int32    int32_t;
    
85.    typedef unsigned __int8   uint8_t;
    
86.    typedef unsigned __int16  uint16_t;
    
87.    typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;
    
88. #endif
    
89. typedef signed __int64       int64_t;
    
90. typedef unsigned __int64     uint64_t;
    
91. 
    
92. 
    
93. // 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer types
    
94. typedef int8_t    int_least8_t;
    
95. typedef int16_t   int_least16_t;
    
96. typedef int32_t   int_least32_t;
    
97. typedef int64_t   int_least64_t;
    
98. typedef uint8_t   uint_least8_t;
    
99. typedef uint16_t  uint_least16_t;
    
100. typedef uint32_t  uint_least32_t;
     
101. typedef uint64_t  uint_least64_t;
     
102. 
     
103. // 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer types
     
104. typedef int8_t    int_fast8_t;
     
105. typedef int16_t   int_fast16_t;
     
106. typedef int32_t   int_fast32_t;
     
107. typedef int64_t   int_fast64_t;
     
108. typedef uint8_t   uint_fast8_t;
     
109. typedef uint16_t  uint_fast16_t;
     
110. typedef uint32_t  uint_fast32_t;
     
111. typedef uint64_t  uint_fast64_t;
     
112. 
     
113. // 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers
     
114. #ifdef _WIN64 // [
     
115.    typedef signed __int64    intptr_t;
     
116.    typedef unsigned __int64  uintptr_t;
     
117. #else // _WIN64 ][
     
118.    typedef _W64 signed int   intptr_t;
     
119.    typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t;
     
120. #endif // _WIN64 ]
     
121. 
     
122. // 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer types
     
123. typedef int64_t   intmax_t;
     
124. typedef uint64_t  uintmax_t;
     
125. 
     
126. 
     
127. // 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types
     
128. 
     
129. #if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259
     
130. 
     
131. // 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types
     
132. #define INT8_MIN     ((int8_t)_I8_MIN)
     
133. #define INT8_MAX     _I8_MAX
     
134. #define INT16_MIN    ((int16_t)_I16_MIN)
     
135. #define INT16_MAX    _I16_MAX
     
136. #define INT32_MIN    ((int32_t)_I32_MIN)
     
137. #define INT32_MAX    _I32_MAX
     
138. #define INT64_MIN    ((int64_t)_I64_MIN)
     
139. #define INT64_MAX    _I64_MAX
     
140. #define UINT8_MAX    _UI8_MAX
     
141. #define UINT16_MAX   _UI16_MAX
     
142. #define UINT32_MAX   _UI32_MAX
     
143. #define UINT64_MAX   _UI64_MAX
     
144. 
     
145. // 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types
     
146. #define INT_LEAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
     
147. #define INT_LEAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
     
148. #define INT_LEAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
     
149. #define INT_LEAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
     
150. #define INT_LEAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
     
151. #define INT_LEAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
     
152. #define INT_LEAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
     
153. #define INT_LEAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
     
154. #define UINT_LEAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
     
155. #define UINT_LEAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
     
156. #define UINT_LEAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
     
157. #define UINT_LEAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
     
158. 
     
159. // 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
     
160. #define INT_FAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
     
161. #define INT_FAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
     
162. #define INT_FAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
     
163. #define INT_FAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
     
164. #define INT_FAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
     
165. #define INT_FAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
     
166. #define INT_FAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
     
167. #define INT_FAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
     
168. #define UINT_FAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
     
169. #define UINT_FAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
     
170. #define UINT_FAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
     
171. #define UINT_FAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
     
172. 
     
173. // 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
     
174. #ifdef _WIN64 // [
     
175. #  define INTPTR_MIN   INT64_MIN
     
176. #  define INTPTR_MAX   INT64_MAX
     
177. #  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT64_MAX
     
178. #else // _WIN64 ][
     
179. #  define INTPTR_MIN   INT32_MIN
     
180. #  define INTPTR_MAX   INT32_MAX
     
181. #  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT32_MAX
     
182. #endif // _WIN64 ]
     
183. 
     
184. // 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types
     
185. #define INTMAX_MIN   INT64_MIN
     
186. #define INTMAX_MAX   INT64_MAX
     
187. #define UINTMAX_MAX  UINT64_MAX
     
188. 
     
189. // 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types
     
190. 
     
191. #ifdef _WIN64 // [
     
192. #  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I64_MIN
     
193. #  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I64_MAX
     
194. #else  // _WIN64 ][
     
195. #  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I32_MIN
     
196. #  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I32_MAX
     
197. #endif  // _WIN64 ]
     
198. 
     
199. #define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN  INT_MIN
     
200. #define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX  INT_MAX
     
201. 
     
202. #ifndef SIZE_MAX // [
     
203. #  ifdef _WIN64 // [
     
204. #     define SIZE_MAX  _UI64_MAX
     
205. #  else // _WIN64 ][
     
206. #     define SIZE_MAX  _UI32_MAX
     
207. #  endif // _WIN64 ]
     
208. #endif // SIZE_MAX ]
     
209. 
     
210. // WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h>
     
211. #ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [
     
212. #  define WCHAR_MIN  0
     
213. #endif  // WCHAR_MIN ]
     
214. #ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [
     
215. #  define WCHAR_MAX  _UI16_MAX
     
216. #endif  // WCHAR_MAX ]
     
217. 
     
218. #define WINT_MIN  0
     
219. #define WINT_MAX  _UI16_MAX
     
220. 
     
221. #endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ]
     
222. 
     
223. 
     
224. // 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types
     
225. 
     
226. #if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260
     
227. 
     
228. // 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
     
229. 
     
230. #define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
     
231. #define INT16_C(val) val##i16
     
232. #define INT32_C(val) val##i32
     
233. #define INT64_C(val) val##i64
     
234. 
     
235. #define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
     
236. #define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
     
237. #define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
     
238. #define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
     
239. 
     
240. // 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
     
241. #define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
     
242. #define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C
     
243. 
     
244. #endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
     
245. 
     
246. 
     
247. #endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ]

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以及它的更新日志：

1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
2. r26 | 2009-10-02 13:36:47 +0400 | 2 lines
   
3. 
   
4. [Issue 5] Change <stdint.h> to "stdint.h" to let compiler search for it in local directory.
   
5. 
   
6. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
7. r25 | 2009-09-17 23:46:49 +0400 | 2 lines
   
8. 
   
9. [Issue 4] Fix incorrect int8_t behaviour if compiled with /J flag.
   
10. 
    
11. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
12. r24 | 2009-05-13 14:53:48 +0400 | 2 lines
    
13. 
    
14. Forgot about #ifdef __cplusplus guard around 'extern "C"', so inclusion to C files has been broken.
    
15. 
    
16. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
17. r23 | 2009-05-12 01:27:45 +0400 | 3 lines
    
18. 
    
19. [Issue 2] Always wrap <wchar钹?with external "C" {}.
    
20. It turns out that not only Visual Studio 6 requires this, but also newer versions when compiling for ARM.
    
21. 
    
22. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
23. r22 | 2009-05-11 22:22:15 +0400 | 3 lines
    
24. 
    
25. [Issue 3] Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8 so we give up on __intX for them.
    
26. his should close Issue 3 in issue tracker.
    
27. 
    
28. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
29. r21 | 2008-07-17 09:47:22 +0400 | 4 lines
    
30. 
    
31. Get rid of these compiler warnings when compiling for 32-bit:
    
32.   warning C4311: 'type cast' : pointer truncation from 'void *' to 'uintptr_t'
    
33.   warning C4312: 'type cast' : conversion from 'uintptr_t' to 'const void *' of greater size
    
34. 
    
35. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
36. r20 | 2007-10-09 16:54:27 +0400 | 2 lines
    
37. 
    
38. Better C99 conformance: macros for format specifiers should only be included in C++ implementations if __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS is defined before <inttypes.h> is included.
    
39. 
    
40. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
41. r19 | 2007-07-04 02:14:40 +0400 | 3 lines
    
42. 
    
43. Explicitly cast to appropriate type INT8_MIN, INT16_MIN, INT32_MIN and INT64_MIN constants.
    
44. Due to their unusual definition in Visual Studio headers (-_Ix_MAX-1) they are propagated to int and thus do not have expected type, causing VS6 strict compiler to claim about type inconsistency.
    
45. 
    
46. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
47. r18 | 2007-06-26 16:53:23 +0400 | 2 lines
    
48. 
    
49. Better handling of (U)INTx_C macros - now they generate constants of exact width.
    
50. 
    
51. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
52. r17 | 2007-03-29 20:16:14 +0400 | 2 lines
    
53. 
    
54. Fix typo: Miscrosoft -> Microsoft.
    
55. 
    
56. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
57. r16 | 2007-02-24 17:32:58 +0300 | 4 lines
    
58. 
    
59. Remove <BaseTsd.h> include, as it is not present in Visual Studio 2005 Epxress Edition and required only for INT_PTR and UINT_PTR types.
    
60. 
    
61. 'intptr_t' and 'uintptr_t' types now defined explicitly with #ifdef _WIN64.
    
62. 
    
63. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
64. r15 | 2007-02-11 20:53:05 +0300 | 2 lines
    
65. 
    
66. More correct fix for compilation under VS6.
    
67. 
    
68. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
69. r14 | 2007-02-11 20:04:32 +0300 | 2 lines
    
70. 
    
71. Bugfix: fix compiling under VS6, when stdint.h enclosed in 'extern "C" {}'.
    
72. 
    
73. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
74. r13 | 2006-12-13 16:53:11 +0300 | 2 lines
    
75. 
    
76. Make _inline modifier for imaxdiv default option. Use STATIC_IMAXDIV to make it static.
    
77. 
    
78. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
79. r12 | 2006-12-13 16:42:24 +0300 | 2 lines
    
80. 
    
81. Error message changed: VC6 supported from now.
    
82. 
    
83. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
84. r11 | 2006-12-13 16:39:33 +0300 | 2 lines
    
85. 
    
86. All (U)INT* types changed to (unsigned) __int*. This should make stdint.h compatible with VC6.
    
87. 
    
88. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
89. r10 | 2006-12-13 16:20:57 +0300 | 3 lines
    
90. 
    
91. Added INLINE_IMAXDIV define switch.
    
92. If INLINE_IMAXDIV is defined imaxdiv() have static modifier. If not - it is _inline.
    
93. 
    
94. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
95. r9 | 2006-12-13 15:53:52 +0300 | 2 lines
    
96. 
    
97. Error message for non-MSC compiler changed.
    
98. 
    
99. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
100. r8 | 2006-12-13 12:47:48 +0300 | 2 lines
     
101. 
     
102. Added #ifndef for SIZE_MAX (it is defined in limits.h on MSVSC 8).
     
103. 
     
104. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
105. r7 | 2006-12-13 01:08:02 +0300 | 2 lines
     
106. 
     
107. License chaged to BSD-derivative.
     
108. 
     
109. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
110. r6 | 2006-12-13 00:53:20 +0300 | 2 lines
     
111. 
     
112. Added <wchar.h> include to avoid warnings when it is included after stdint.h.
     
113. 
     
114. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
115. r5 | 2006-12-12 00:58:05 +0300 | 2 lines
     
116. 
     
117. BUGFIX: Definitions of INTPTR_MIN, INTPTR_MAX and UINTPTR_MAX for WIN32 and WIN64 was mixed up.
     
118. 
     
119. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
120. r4 | 2006-12-12 00:51:55 +0300 | 2 lines
     
121. 
     
122. Rise #error if _MSC_VER is not defined. I.e. compiler other then Microsoft Visual C++ is used.
     
123. 
     
124. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
125. r3 | 2006-12-11 22:54:14 +0300 | 2 lines
     
126. 
     
127. Added <limits.h> include to stdint.h.
     
128. 
     
129. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
130. r2 | 2006-12-11 21:39:27 +0300 | 2 lines
     
131. 
     
132. Initial check in.
     
133. 
     
134. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
135. r1 | 2006-12-11 21:30:23 +0300 | 1 line
     
136. 
     
137. Initial directory structure.
     
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watermelon

顶站长，小弟我记得pells C对C11标准支持的比较好，至于msvc它不管C99或者C11，我认为他自己就有一套msvc的C语言标准。
顺便提一下，补头文件对我来说是个恐怖的事情，因为大多数头文件包含别的头文件，而别的头文件又包含别的头文件，这个我经常处理不好。

Ayala

新版本的vs不自己包含么
stdatomic.h和atomic区别很大么
还有
cinttypes和inttypes.h

0xAA55

Ayala 发表于 2019-2-9 00:53
新版本的vs不自己包含么
stdatomic.h和atomic区别很大么
还有

cinttypes是C++的，inttypes.h是C的。cinttypes是C++从C那里搬运过来的。

stdatomic.h是C的，atomic是C++的，但atomic不是C++从C的stdatomic.h搬运过来的。搬运的版本是cstdatomic。